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1301. Institutional Adaptation Challenges to Climate Change
Adaptation requires rapid and adaptive institutions. As the frequency of climate disasters increases, more systematic institutional adaptation is required. Here is an editorial from Nature Climate Change.
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1300. UN Food Systems Summit +4 Stocktake (UNFSS+4)
The 2nd UN Food Systems Summit Stocktake (UNFSS+4) will take place from July 27 to 29, 2025, and provide a platform for reflecting on progress, strengthening collaboration, and unlocking finance and investments to accelerate food systems transformation.
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1299. Consideration of the Earth System-Scale Impact of Climate Change in Net Zero
Much of the discussion on climate change associated with achieving the goal of net zero carbon dioxide emissions has tended to focus on the change in global average temperature after emissions are halted. An editorial in Communications Earth & Environment magazine suggests that even if rapid decarbonization is achieved, the long-term impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise and ocean warming, are likely to continue, and need to be taken into consideration.
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1298. Contribution of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change
In the 21st century, humanity is facing unprecedented and escalating climate change impacts and biodiversity loss that far exceed scientific predictions. An editorial in Scientific Reports discusses the role of nature-based solutions (NbS) as a strategic, effective, and sustainable approach to mitigate environmental impacts.
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1297. Definition of Heat Waves
As global warming progresses, the impacts of extreme heat are expected to grow even more, making it urgent to build effective early warning systems. According to an editorial in The Lancet Planetary Health, in the first two decades of the 21st century, the excess deaths from heat stroke were about 500,000 per year, of which about 250,000 were in Asia.
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1296. From JIRCAS Southeast Asia Liaison Office: Population of Southeast Asia
July 11th is World Population Day. The 2025 edition of the United Nations World Population Estimates has not yet been released, so we have used the 2024 edition to look at the population of Southeast Asia.
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1295. Third Warmest June on Record – Heatwave in Europe as Extreme Temperatures Continue in Both Hemispheres
June 2025 was the third warmest June on record, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). Western Europe as a whole experienced its hottest June on record, and the heatwave in mid- and late June 2025 led to "very high heat stress" conditions in a wide area, with temperatures exceeding 38°C, and "extreme heat stress" conditions in parts of Portugal, with temperatures reaching around 48°C.
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1294. TICAD9 Official Side Event Webinar: Scaling Agricultural Extension in Africa amid Emerging Technologies and Global Aid Shifts
On July 24, Sasakawa Africa Association in collaboration with IFPRI/ AFAAS will host a webinar, titled ‘Scaling Agricultural Extension in Africa amid Emerging Technologies and Global Aid Shifts’. Dr. Koide of JIRCAS will participate in the panel session of the event.
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1293. Respecting the Earth's Limits While Improving Human Well-Being
Our world faces overlapping environmental, health, security, and social crises. A recent paper by the Earth4All initiative, which uses systems modeling to address the issue of overshooting human pressures on the environment, has proposed five transitional pathways: energy, food and land systems, inequality, poverty, and gender equality.
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1292. World Food Price Trends in June 2025
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) announced the world food price trend on July 4, with the average for June 2025 being 128.0 points, up 0.5% from May. The price indices for cereals and sugar fell, but this was outweighed by the increase in the price indices for dairy products, meat, and vegetable oils. Overall, the price index rose 5.8% from June 2024, but remained 20.1% lower than the peak recorded in March 2022.
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1291. World Rural Development Day
On September 6, 2024, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution designating July 6 of each year as World Rural Development Day. The resolution seeks to shine a lasting light on the lives and struggles of the people who work the soil, nourish the seas, and nurture the land in the world's rural areas, as a prerequisite for addressing the deep challenges of rural poverty and the broader goal of economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
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1290. Report on the June 2025 Heat Wave in the Northern Hemisphere
According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, the Pacific high-pressure system extended strongly toward Japan in June this year, making it the highest since statistics began in 1898. In Western and Southwestern Europe, both the minimum temperature (nighttime) and maximum temperature (afternoon) broke the monthly observation records for June in some areas.
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1289. Earth's Energy Imbalance
Global warming is caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions that disrupt the delicate balance between incoming sunlight and the radiation reflected and emitted by the Earth. According to a paper published in AGU Advances, the Earth's energy imbalance is increasing much faster than expected, nearly doubling in just 20 years.
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1288. Food Security in Africa and the Challenges of Transportation and Logistics
Food production in Africa has increased over the past two decades. Strangely, however, so has the number of food-insecure people. This problem is exacerbated by poor transportation networks, low surplus production in many countries, and high transportation costs. A World Bank report sheds light on the connections between transportation, logistics, and food security in Africa, and suggests ways to increase the resilience of food systems.
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1287. Acute Food Insecurity Crisis
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), in its 2025 Global Outlook mid-year update on acute food insecurity and needs, warns that in 2025, the confluence of conflict, natural disasters, extreme weather, and economic instability continues to create an unrelenting crisis of acute food insecurity.
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1286. International Day of the Tropics and the Presence of TARF (Takaragawa’s Newsletter vol. 8)
June 29th is the International Day of the Tropics established by the United Nations. On this occasion, I thought about the role of JIRCAS's sole substation, the Tropical Agriculture Research Front (TARF, commonly known as Nekken).
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1285. Security of the Strait of Hormuz and Global Energy and Food Security
The Strait of Hormuz is located between Oman and Iran and is an important waterway that connects the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and the Arabian Sea. Geopolitical conflicts have once again brought the security of this waterway into the spotlight. A blockade of the waterway or a disruption to crude oil transport could cause a sharp increase in crude oil prices, which could affect global food security.
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1284. Global Drought Outlook
Droughts are becoming more frequent and severe around the world. According to a new analysis by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the amount of land area affected by drought doubled between 1900 and 2020, with droughts becoming more severe on 40% of land areas in recent decades.
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1283. Food Policy—Lessons and Priorities for a Changing World
The International Food Policy Research Institute's 2025 Global Food Policy Report: Food Policy—Lessons and Priorities for a Changing World provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of food policy over the past 50 years, how food systems have changed dramatically, and examines food policy research priorities for 2050.
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1282. Impact of Climate Risks on Crop Yield Variability
Higher-than-average temperatures can lead to reduced average crop yields as well as increased crop yield variability by exacerbating hot and dry conditions if production systems are unable to mitigate the effects of these stresses. The Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) has published an article on the importance of monitoring the impact of climate risks on crop yield variability.