Functional constituents index | Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences | JIRCAS

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A

1’-acetoxychavicol acetate
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Alpinia galanga	Zingiberaceae	Galanga (English); Nankyou (Japanese)	Khaa, kha taa daeng

agathisflavone
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Cashewnut tree (English)；Kashu nattonoki (Japanese)	Mamuang himmaphaan

alkaloids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Parkia speciosa	Fabaceae	Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese)	Sator
Aegle marmelos	Rutaceae	Elephant apple, wood apple (English); Berunoki　(Japanese)	Matoom
Ipomoea aquatica	Convolvulaceae	Water spinach (English); yosai, kushinsai (Japanese)	Phakbung

amentoflavone
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucumis melo	Cucurbitaceae	Thai melon (English); makuwa uri (Japanese)	Tang-thai

anacardicin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Cashewnut tree (English)；Kashu nattonoki (Japanese)	Mamuang himmaphaan

asiaticoside
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	Araliaceae	Lawn pennywort (English); chidomegusa (Japanese)	Phak-nor

azadirachtine
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Neem tree (English); indosendan (Japanese)	Sadao

α-amyrin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Colocasia gigantea	Araceae	Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese)	Tuun, khuun

α-phellandrene
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anethum graveolens	Apiaceae	Dill (English); hime-uikyo (Japanese)	Phakchi lao

α-tocopherol
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dioscorea alata	Dioscoreaceae	Greater yam, purple yam (English); daisho (Japanese)	Man-sao (central), man thu (southern)

B

baicalein
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Oroxylum indicum	Bignoniaceae	Midnight horror (English); sorizayanoki (Japanese)	Phe kaa

baicalein glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Oroxylum indicum	Bignoniaceae	Midnight horror (English); sorizayanoki (Japanese)	Phe kaa

betalain
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Amaranthus spp.	Amaranthaceae	Amaranth (English); hiyu, hageito (Japanese)	Phakkhom suan, phakkhom, phak hom

betulinic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dillenia indica	Dilleniaceae	Elephant apple, chulta (English); biwa modoki (Japanese)	Saan, ma-tad

β-amyrin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Colocasia gigantea	Araceae	Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese)	Tuun, khuun

β-cyanin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Amaranthus spp.	Amaranthaceae	Amaranth (English); hiyu, hageito (Japanese)	Phakkhom suan, phakkhom, phak hom

β-xanthin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Amaranthus spp.	Amaranthaceae	Amaranth (English); hiyu, hageito (Japanese)	Phakkhom suan, phakkhom, phak hom

C

caffeic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese)	Kratin thai

caffeoylquinic acid derivatives
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Artemisia lactiflora	Compositae	Sagebrush (English); yomogina (Japanese)	Kaeo mueang cheen, dok kaeo mueang cheen

carbamate
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Moringa, horseradish tree, drumstick tree (English); wasabinoki (Japanese)	Ma-room

carotenoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucurbita moschata	Cucurbitaceae	Pumpkin (English); kabocha (Japanese)	Fak-thong

carvone
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anethum graveolens	Apiaceae	Dill (English); hime-uikyo (Japanese)	Phakchi lao

catechin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Abelmoschus esculentus	Malvaceae	Okra (English); okura (Japanese)	Krachieb khieo, krachieb mon
Morinda citrifolia	Rubiaceae	Noni (English); yaeyama aoki (Japanese)	Yor-baan

chalcones
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cajanus cajan	Fabaceae	Pigeon pea (English); kimame (Japanese)	Thua ma hae
Boesenbergia rotunda	Zingiberaceae	Chinese key, fingerroot (English); obangajutsu (Japanese)	Krachaai

chicoric acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Oenanthe javanica	Apiaceae	Water dropwort, water celery (English); seri (Japanese)	Phakchi lom

cholestane saponins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Solanum melongena	Solanaceae		Makeua yaw

chrysoeriol
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese)	Kratin thai

coumarins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Aegle marmelos	Rutaceae	Elephant apple, wood apple (English); Berunoki　(Japanese)	Matoom

cucumegastigmanes
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucumis sativus	Cucurbitaceae	Cucumber (English); kyuri (Japanese)	Tangkwaa

cucumerin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucumis sativus	Cucurbitaceae	Cucumber (English); kyuri (Japanese)	Tangkwaa

cucurbitacins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucumis sativus	Cucurbitaceae	Cucumber (English); kyuri (Japanese)	Tangkwaa

cucurbitane
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese)	Mara ki nok

curcumin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Curcuma longa	Zingiberaceae	Turmeric (English); ukon (Japanese)	Khamin

D

1,8-dihydroxy-4-methylanthracene-9,10-dione
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Luffa acutangula	Cucurbitaceae	Angled loofah, angled gourd (English); tokado hechima (Japanese)	Buap liam

delphinidin-3-O-glucoside
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Hibiscus sabdariffa	Malvaceae	Roselle, Jamaican sorrel (English) ; rozensou (Japanese)	Krachiap daeng

depsidones
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Garcinia cowa	Clusiaceae	Kowa ganboji (Japanese)	Chamuang

diterpenoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Scoparia dulcis	Plantaginaceae	Macao tea (English); seitaka kanabikiso (Japanese)	Krot-nam, kra-tai-cham

E

(E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dial
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Curcuma mangga	Zingiberaceae	Mango ginger (English)	Khamin-khao

emililactam A
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Emilia sonchifolia	Compositae	Cupid’s shaving brush (English); usubeninigana (Japanese)	Hang pla chon

emilisonchine
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Emilia sonchifolia	Compositae	Cupid’s shaving brush (English); usubeninigana (Japanese)	Hang pla chon

epigallocatechin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Abelmoschus esculentus	Malvaceae	Okra (English); okura (Japanese)	Krachieb khieo, krachieb mon

ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Diplazium esculentum	Athyriaceae	Paco (English); kuware sida (Japanese)	Phak kuut khaao

F

flavanones
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Boesenbergia rotunda	Zingiberaceae	Chinese key, fingerroot (English); obangajutsu (Japanese)	Krachaai

flavones
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Basella alba	Basellaceae	Ceylon spinach (English); tsurumurasaki (Japanese)	Phak plang

flavonoid glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Barringtonia acutangula	Barringtoniaceae	Freshwater mangrove (English)	Chik naa

flavonoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Nymphaea lotus	Nymphaeaceae	Water lily (English); nettai suiren (Japanese)	Bua kin saai
Lycopersicon esculentum	Solanaceae	Tomato (English)	Makheua som, makheua thet
Terminalia chebula	Combretaceae	Chebulic myrobalan, myrobalan wood (English); mirobaran (Japanese)	Sam-o thai
Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae	Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese)	Namtao
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese)	Mara ki nok
Citrus aurantium	Rutaceae	Bitter orange, Seville orange (English); dai-dai (Japanese)	Som-saa
Ipomoea batatas	Convolvulaceae	Sweet potato (English); satsumaimo (Japanese)	Man ted
Cajanus cajan	Fabaceae	Pigeon pea (English); kimame (Japanese)	Thua ma hae
Parkia speciosa	Fabaceae	Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese)	Sator
Pisum sativum	Fabaceae	Garden pea, sugar pea (English); endo (Japanese)	Thua lan tao
Colocasia esculenta	Araceae	Wild taro (English); satoimo (Japanese)	Bon
Ipomoea aquatica	Convolvulaceae	Water spinach (English); yosai, kushinsai (Japanese)	Phakbung

G

gallic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Cashewnut tree (English)；Kashu nattonoki (Japanese)	Mamuang himmaphaan
Cucumis melo	Cucurbitaceae	Thai melon (English); makuwa uri (Japanese)	Tang-thai

gallic acid derivatives
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Cashewnut tree (English)；Kashu nattonoki (Japanese)	Mamuang himmaphaan

gingerol
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Zingiber officinale	Zingiberaceae	Ginger (English); shoga (Japanease)	Khing, khing-daeng

glucosinolates
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cleome gynandra	Cleomaceae	Spider flower (English); fu-choso (Japanese)	Phak sian

gnetumal
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Gnetum gnemon	Gnetaceae	Gunetsumu (Japanese)	Phak liang

γ-tocopherol-9
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dioscorea alata	Dioscoreaceae	Greater yam, purple yam (English); daisho (Japanese)	Man-sao (central), man thu (southern)

H

4-hydroxybenzoic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Solanum americanum	Solanaceae

hydro-Q(9) chromene
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dioscorea alata	Dioscoreaceae	Greater yam, purple yam (English); daisho (Japanese)	Man-sao (central), man thu (southern)

hydroxybenzoic acids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Basella alba	Basellaceae	Ceylon spinach (English); tsurumurasaki (Japanese)	Phak plang

hydroxycinnamic acids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Basella alba	Basellaceae	Ceylon spinach (English); tsurumurasaki (Japanese)	Phak plang

I

3-indolecarboxylic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Solanum americanum	Solanaceae

isocoumarins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Coriandrum sativum	Apiaceae	Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese)	Phakchi

isoprenyl flavanones
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Neem tree (English); indosendan (Japanese)	Sadao

isoquinoline alkaloids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cissampelos pareira	Menispermaceae		Kreua-ma-noi

isorhamnetin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese)	Kratin thai

isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese)	Kratin thai

K

kaempferol-3-O-rubinoside
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese)	Kratin thai

L

lignans
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Morinda citrifolia	Rubiaceae	Noni (English); yaeyama aoki (Japanese)	Yor-baan

lycopene
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Lycopersicon esculentum	Solanaceae	Tomato (English)	Makheua som, makheua thet

M

1-methyl-2-phenylindole
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Careya sphaerica	Lecythidaceae		Kra doon

methoxylated dihydronaphthalenone
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Peperomia pellucida	Piperaceae	Peperomia (English); usuba sunakosho (Japanese)	Phak krasang

methyl gallate
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Cashewnut tree (English)；Kashu nattonoki (Japanese)	Mamuang himmaphaan

monoglyceryl stearic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Colocasia gigantea	Araceae	Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese)	Tuun, khuun

monoterpenes
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae	Indian/Chinese mustard (English); karashina (Japanese)	Phakkat-khieo, khat naa

monoterpenoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Citrus aurantium	Rutaceae	Bitter orange, Seville orange (English); dai-dai (Japanese)	Som-saa

N

6-nitro-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Careya sphaerica	Lecythidaceae		Kra doon

N-alkylamides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Spilanthes paniculata	Compositae	Yari sennichimodoki (Japanese)	Phak khraat

norclerodane diterpenoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dioscorea bulbifera	Dioscoreaceae	Aerial yam, potato yam (English); niga kashyu (Japanese)	Man mo

O

4-O-methylgallic acid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Canavalia gladiata	Fabaceae	Sword bean (English); natamame (Japanese)	Thua phraa, thua daap, thua faa

oppositifolone
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Glinus oppositifolius	Molluginaceae		Phak khuang, sadao din, phak khee khuang, phak khom

ottelione A
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ottelia alismoides	Hydrocharitaceae	Mizu obako (Japanese)	Santawa

ottelione B
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ottelia alismoides	Hydrocharitaceae	Mizu obako (Japanese)	Santawa

P

p-cymene
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anethum graveolens	Apiaceae	Dill (English); hime-uikyo (Japanese)	Phakchi lao

p-synephrine
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Citrus aurantium	Rutaceae	Bitter orange, Seville orange (English); dai-dai (Japanese)	Som-saa

penduletin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Colocasia gigantea	Araceae	Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese)	Tuun, khuun

pentacyclic triterpenes
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ocimum gratissimum	Lamiaceae	Shrubby basil (English)	Yeera, kaprao yuan, horapaa chang

phenol glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Moringa, horseradish tree, drumstick tree (English); wasabinoki (Japanese)	Ma-room

phenolic acids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Terminalia chebula	Combretaceae	Chebulic myrobalan, myrobalan wood (English); mirobaran (Japanese)	Sam-o thai
Lycopersicon esculentum	Solanaceae	Tomato (English)	Makheua som, makheua thet
Morinda citrifolia	Rubiaceae	Noni (English); yaeyama aoki (Japanese)	Yor-baan
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese)	Mara ki nok
Ipomoea batatas	Convolvulaceae	Sweet potato (English); satsumaimo (Japanese)	Man ted
Colocasia esculenta	Araceae	Wild taro (English); satoimo (Japanese)	Bon

phenolic compounds
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae	Indian/Chinese mustard (English); karashina (Japanese)	Phakkat-khieo, khat naa
Bombax ceiba	Malvaceae	Kapok tree, red cotton tree (English); kiwata (Japanese)	Ngieo-daeng

phenols
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ipomoea aquatica	Convolvulaceae	Water spinach (English); yosai, kushinsai (Japanese)	Phakbung
Nymphaea lotus	Nymphaeaceae	Water lily (English); nettai suiren (Japanese)	Bua kin saai
Parkia speciosa	Fabaceae	Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese)	Sator

phenylglycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Moringa, horseradish tree, drumstick tree (English); wasabinoki (Japanese)	Ma-room

phenylpropanoid glucosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Bauhinia purpurea	Fabaceae	Bauhinia (English); murasaki mokuwan-ju (Japanese)	Phak-siew

phenylpropanoid sucrosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Raphanus sativus	Brassicaceae	Radish (English); hatsuka daikon (Japanese)	Phak khee huut

phenylpropenes
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Coriandrum sativum	Apiaceae	Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese)	Phakchi

phloroglucinols
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Garcinia cowa	Clusiaceae	Kowa ganboji (Japanese)	Chamuang

phytosterols
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Coriandrum sativum	Apiaceae	Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese)	Phakchi

polyphenols
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cleome gynandra	Cleomaceae	Spider flower (English); fu-choso (Japanese)	Phak sian
Solanum nigrum	Solanaceae

polyprenol
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Coccinia grandis	Cucurbitaceae	Scarlet-fruited gourd, ivy gourd (English); yasai karasuuri (Japanese)	Phak tamlueng, khae doh, phak khaep

pregnane glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dregea volubilis	Apocynaceae		Kratung-maba

proanthocyanidins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Colocasia esculenta	Araceae	Wild taro (English); satoimo (Japanese)	Bon

Q

quercetin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucurbita moschata	Cucurbitaceae	Pumpkin (English); kabocha (Japanese)	Fak-thong

quercetin glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Abelmoschus esculentus	Malvaceae	Okra (English); okura (Japanese)	Krachieb khieo, krachieb mon

quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese)	Kratin thai

R

rosmarinic acid derivatives
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ocimum tenuiflorum	Lamiaceae	Holy basil, sacred basil (English); kamimeboki (Japanese)	Kaprao

rutin
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cucurbita moschata	Cucurbitaceae	Pumpkin (English); kabocha (Japanese)	Fak-thong

S

salvianolic acids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ocimum tenuiflorum	Lamiaceae	Holy basil, sacred basil (English); kamimeboki (Japanese)	Kaprao

saponins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Acacia concinna	Fabaceae	Nemukazura (Japanese)	Sompoi
Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae	Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese)	Namtao

secolignans
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Peperomia pellucida	Piperaceae	Peperomia (English); usuba sunakosho (Japanese)	Phak krasang

steroidal alkaloid
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Solanum melongena	Solanaceae		Makeua yaw

steroidal glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Solanum torvum	Solanaceae		Makheua puang
Solanum violaceum	Solanaceae		Mawaeng-ton

steroids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Artocarpus heterophyllus	Moraceae	Jackfruit (English); paramitsu (Japanese)	Khanoon on
Sauropus androgynus	Phyllanthaceae	Amameshiba (Japanese)	Phak wan baan

sterols
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae	Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese)	Namtao

stigmasterol
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Diplazium esculentum	Athyriaceae	Paco (English); kuware sida (Japanese)	Phak kuut khaao

T

tannins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Terminalia chebula	Combretaceae	Chebulic myrobalan, myrobalan wood (English); mirobaran (Japanese)	Sam-o thai

tengechlorenine
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ficus fistulosa	Moraceae	Akameinubiwa (Japanese)	Ching

tengerensine
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Ficus fistulosa	Moraceae	Akameinubiwa (Japanese)	Ching

terpenoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae	Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese)	Namtao
Coriandrum sativum	Apiaceae	Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese)	Phakchi
Cleome gynandra	Cleomaceae	Spider flower (English); fu-choso (Japanese)	Phak sian
Parkia speciosa	Fabaceae	Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese)	Sator

tetrahydrofuran lignans
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Peperomia pellucida	Piperaceae	Peperomia (English); usuba sunakosho (Japanese)	Phak krasang

tetrahydrophenanthrene
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Dioscorea bulbifera	Dioscoreaceae	Aerial yam, potato yam (English); niga kashyu (Japanese)	Man mo

toxyloxanthone B
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cratoxylum formosum	Guttiferae		Tiew

triterpene glycosides
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese)	Mara ki nok

triterpene saponins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Symplocos cochinchinensis	Symplocaceae	Aobanoki (Japanese)	Meut miang

triterpenes
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Centella asiatica	Apiaceae	Asiatic pennywort (English); tsubokusa (Japanese)	Bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen, phak nok

triterpenoidal saponins
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Momordica cochinchinensis	Cucurbitaceae	Giant spine gourd (English); nanban kikarasuuri (Japanese)	Fak khao

triterpenoids
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Neem tree (English); indosendan (Japanese)	Sadao
Benincasa hispida	Cucurbitaceae	Wax gourd (English); togan (Japanese)	Fak, fang

V

vismione D
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Cratoxylum formosum	Guttiferae		Tiew

vitamin A
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Centella asiatica	Apiaceae	Asiatic pennywort (English); tsubokusa (Japanese)	Bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen, phak nok

X

xanthones
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Garcinia cowa	Clusiaceae	Kowa ganboji (Japanese)	Chamuang

Z

zerumin A
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Curcuma mangga	Zingiberaceae	Mango ginger (English)	Khamin-khao

zoapatanolide A
Scientific name	Family name	Common name	Local name
Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Cashewnut tree (English)；Kashu nattonoki (Japanese)	Mamuang himmaphaan