Functional constituents index

A

1’-acetoxychavicol acetate
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae Galanga (English); Nankyou (Japanese) Khaa, kha taa daeng
agathisflavone
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cashewnut tree (English);Kashu nattonoki (Japanese) Mamuang himmaphaan
alkaloids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Water spinach (English); yosai, kushinsai (Japanese) Phakbung
Parkia speciosa Fabaceae Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese) Sator
Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Elephant apple, wood apple (English); Berunoki (Japanese) Matoom
amentoflavone
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucumis melo Cucurbitaceae Thai melon (English); makuwa uri (Japanese) Tang-thai
anacardicin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cashewnut tree (English);Kashu nattonoki (Japanese) Mamuang himmaphaan
asiaticoside
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Araliaceae Lawn pennywort (English); chidomegusa (Japanese) Phak-nor
azadirachtine
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem tree (English); indosendan (Japanese) Sadao
α-amyrin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Colocasia gigantea Araceae Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese) Tuun, khuun
α-phellandrene
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anethum graveolens Apiaceae Dill (English); hime-uikyo (Japanese) Phakchi lao
α-tocopherol
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Greater yam, purple yam (English); daisho (Japanese) Man-sao (central), man thu (southern)

B

baicalein
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae Midnight horror (English); sorizayanoki (Japanese) Phe kaa
baicalein glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae Midnight horror (English); sorizayanoki (Japanese) Phe kaa
betalain
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Amaranthus spp. Amaranthaceae Amaranth (English); hiyu, hageito (Japanese) Phakkhom suan, phakkhom, phak hom
betulinic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dillenia indica Dilleniaceae Elephant apple, chulta (English); biwa modoki (Japanese) Saan, ma-tad
β-amyrin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Colocasia gigantea Araceae Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese) Tuun, khuun
β-cyanin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Amaranthus spp. Amaranthaceae Amaranth (English); hiyu, hageito (Japanese) Phakkhom suan, phakkhom, phak hom
β-xanthin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Amaranthus spp. Amaranthaceae Amaranth (English); hiyu, hageito (Japanese) Phakkhom suan, phakkhom, phak hom

C

caffeic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese) Kratin thai
caffeoylquinic acid derivatives
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Artemisia lactiflora Compositae Sagebrush (English); yomogina (Japanese) Kaeo mueang cheen, dok kaeo mueang cheen
carbamate
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Moringa, horseradish tree, drumstick tree (English); wasabinoki (Japanese) Ma-room
carotenoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucurbita moschata Cucurbitaceae Pumpkin (English); kabocha (Japanese) Fak-thong
carvone
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anethum graveolens Apiaceae Dill (English); hime-uikyo (Japanese) Phakchi lao
catechin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae Okra (English); okura (Japanese) Krachieb khieo, krachieb mon
Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae Noni (English); yaeyama aoki (Japanese) Yor-baan
chalcones
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Boesenbergia rotunda Zingiberaceae Chinese key, fingerroot (English); obangajutsu (Japanese) Krachaai
Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Pigeon pea (English); kimame (Japanese) Thua ma hae
chicoric acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Oenanthe javanica Apiaceae Water dropwort, water celery (English); seri (Japanese) Phakchi lom
cholestane saponins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Solanum melongena Solanaceae Makeua yaw
chrysoeriol
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese) Kratin thai
coumarins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Elephant apple, wood apple (English); Berunoki (Japanese) Matoom
cucumegastigmanes
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Cucumber (English); kyuri (Japanese) Tangkwaa
cucumerin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Cucumber (English); kyuri (Japanese) Tangkwaa
cucurbitacins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Cucumber (English); kyuri (Japanese) Tangkwaa
cucurbitane
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese) Mara ki nok
curcumin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Turmeric (English); ukon (Japanese) Khamin

D

1,8-dihydroxy-4-methylanthracene-9,10-dione
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Luffa acutangula Cucurbitaceae Angled loofah, angled gourd (English); tokado hechima (Japanese) Buap liam
delphinidin-3-O-glucoside
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Hibiscus sabdariffa Malvaceae Roselle, Jamaican sorrel (English) ; rozensou (Japanese) Krachiap daeng
depsidones
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Garcinia cowa Clusiaceae Kowa ganboji (Japanese) Chamuang
diterpenoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Scoparia dulcis Plantaginaceae Macao tea (English); seitaka kanabikiso (Japanese) Krot-nam, kra-tai-cham

E

(E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dial
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Curcuma mangga Zingiberaceae Mango ginger (English) Khamin-khao
emililactam A
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Emilia sonchifolia Compositae Cupid’s shaving brush (English); usubeninigana (Japanese) Hang pla chon
emilisonchine
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Emilia sonchifolia Compositae Cupid’s shaving brush (English); usubeninigana (Japanese) Hang pla chon
epigallocatechin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae Okra (English); okura (Japanese) Krachieb khieo, krachieb mon
ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Diplazium esculentum Athyriaceae Paco (English); kuware sida (Japanese) Phak kuut khaao

F

flavanones
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Boesenbergia rotunda Zingiberaceae Chinese key, fingerroot (English); obangajutsu (Japanese) Krachaai
flavones
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Basella alba Basellaceae Ceylon spinach (English); tsurumurasaki (Japanese) Phak plang
flavonoid glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Barringtonia acutangula Barringtoniaceae Freshwater mangrove (English) Chik naa
flavonoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Parkia speciosa Fabaceae Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese) Sator
Pisum sativum Fabaceae Garden pea, sugar pea (English); endo (Japanese) Thua lan tao
Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Water spinach (English); yosai, kushinsai (Japanese) Phakbung
Nymphaea lotus Nymphaeaceae Water lily (English); nettai suiren (Japanese) Bua kin saai
Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Pigeon pea (English); kimame (Japanese) Thua ma hae
Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae Tomato (English) Makheua som, makheua thet
Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Chebulic myrobalan, myrobalan wood (English); mirobaran (Japanese) Sam-o thai
Colocasia esculenta Araceae Wild taro (English); satoimo (Japanese) Bon
Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese) Namtao
Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese) Mara ki nok
Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Bitter orange, Seville orange (English); dai-dai (Japanese) Som-saa
Ipomoea batatas Convolvulaceae Sweet potato (English); satsumaimo (Japanese) Man ted

G

gallic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucumis melo Cucurbitaceae Thai melon (English); makuwa uri (Japanese) Tang-thai
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cashewnut tree (English);Kashu nattonoki (Japanese) Mamuang himmaphaan
gallic acid derivatives
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cashewnut tree (English);Kashu nattonoki (Japanese) Mamuang himmaphaan
gingerol
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Ginger (English); shoga (Japanease) Khing, khing-daeng
glucosinolates
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae Spider flower (English); fu-choso (Japanese) Phak sian
gnetumal
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Gnetum gnemon Gnetaceae Gunetsumu (Japanese) Phak liang
γ-tocopherol-9
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Greater yam, purple yam (English); daisho (Japanese) Man-sao (central), man thu (southern)

H

4-hydroxybenzoic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Solanum americanum Solanaceae
hydro-Q(9) chromene
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Greater yam, purple yam (English); daisho (Japanese) Man-sao (central), man thu (southern)
hydroxybenzoic acids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Basella alba Basellaceae Ceylon spinach (English); tsurumurasaki (Japanese) Phak plang
hydroxycinnamic acids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Basella alba Basellaceae Ceylon spinach (English); tsurumurasaki (Japanese) Phak plang

I

3-indolecarboxylic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Solanum americanum Solanaceae
isocoumarins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese) Phakchi
isoprenyl flavanones
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem tree (English); indosendan (Japanese) Sadao
isoquinoline alkaloids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae Kreua-ma-noi
isorhamnetin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese) Kratin thai
isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese) Kratin thai

K

kaempferol-3-O-rubinoside
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese) Kratin thai

L

lignans
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae Noni (English); yaeyama aoki (Japanese) Yor-baan
lycopene
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae Tomato (English) Makheua som, makheua thet

M

1-methyl-2-phenylindole
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Careya sphaerica Lecythidaceae Kra doon
methoxylated dihydronaphthalenone
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Peperomia pellucida Piperaceae Peperomia (English); usuba sunakosho (Japanese) Phak krasang
methyl gallate
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cashewnut tree (English);Kashu nattonoki (Japanese) Mamuang himmaphaan
monoglyceryl stearic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Colocasia gigantea Araceae Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese) Tuun, khuun
monoterpenes
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Brassica juncea Brassicaceae Indian/Chinese mustard (English); karashina (Japanese) Phakkat-khieo, khat naa
monoterpenoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Bitter orange, Seville orange (English); dai-dai (Japanese) Som-saa

N

6-nitro-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Careya sphaerica Lecythidaceae Kra doon
N-alkylamides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Spilanthes paniculata Compositae Yari sennichimodoki (Japanese) Phak khraat
norclerodane diterpenoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Aerial yam, potato yam (English); niga kashyu (Japanese) Man mo

O

4-O-methylgallic acid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Canavalia gladiata Fabaceae Sword bean (English); natamame (Japanese) Thua phraa, thua daap, thua faa
oppositifolone
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Glinus oppositifolius Molluginaceae Phak khuang, sadao din, phak khee khuang, phak khom
ottelione A
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ottelia alismoides Hydrocharitaceae Mizu obako (Japanese) Santawa
ottelione B
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ottelia alismoides Hydrocharitaceae Mizu obako (Japanese) Santawa

P

p-cymene
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anethum graveolens Apiaceae Dill (English); hime-uikyo (Japanese) Phakchi lao
p-synephrine
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Bitter orange, Seville orange (English); dai-dai (Japanese) Som-saa
penduletin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Colocasia gigantea Araceae Giant taro (English); hasuimo, taroimo (Japanese) Tuun, khuun
pentacyclic triterpenes
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae Shrubby basil (English) Yeera, kaprao yuan, horapaa chang
phenol glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Moringa, horseradish tree, drumstick tree (English); wasabinoki (Japanese) Ma-room
phenolic acids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Chebulic myrobalan, myrobalan wood (English); mirobaran (Japanese) Sam-o thai
Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae Tomato (English) Makheua som, makheua thet
Colocasia esculenta Araceae Wild taro (English); satoimo (Japanese) Bon
Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae Noni (English); yaeyama aoki (Japanese) Yor-baan
Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese) Mara ki nok
Ipomoea batatas Convolvulaceae Sweet potato (English); satsumaimo (Japanese) Man ted
phenolic compounds
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Brassica juncea Brassicaceae Indian/Chinese mustard (English); karashina (Japanese) Phakkat-khieo, khat naa
Bombax ceiba Malvaceae Kapok tree, red cotton tree (English); kiwata (Japanese) Ngieo-daeng
phenols
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Water spinach (English); yosai, kushinsai (Japanese) Phakbung
Nymphaea lotus Nymphaeaceae Water lily (English); nettai suiren (Japanese) Bua kin saai
Parkia speciosa Fabaceae Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese) Sator
phenylglycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Moringa, horseradish tree, drumstick tree (English); wasabinoki (Japanese) Ma-room
phenylpropanoid glucosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Bauhinia purpurea Fabaceae Bauhinia (English); murasaki mokuwan-ju (Japanese) Phak-siew
phenylpropanoid sucrosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Raphanus sativus Brassicaceae Radish (English); hatsuka daikon (Japanese) Phak khee huut
phenylpropenes
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese) Phakchi
phloroglucinols
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Garcinia cowa Clusiaceae Kowa ganboji (Japanese) Chamuang
phytosterols
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese) Phakchi
polyphenols
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Solanum nigrum Solanaceae
Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae Spider flower (English); fu-choso (Japanese) Phak sian
polyprenol
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Scarlet-fruited gourd, ivy gourd (English); yasai karasuuri (Japanese) Phak tamlueng, khae doh, phak khaep
pregnane glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dregea volubilis Apocynaceae Kratung-maba
proanthocyanidins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Colocasia esculenta Araceae Wild taro (English); satoimo (Japanese) Bon

Q

quercetin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucurbita moschata Cucurbitaceae Pumpkin (English); kabocha (Japanese) Fak-thong
quercetin glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae Okra (English); okura (Japanese) Krachieb khieo, krachieb mon
quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Ipil-ipil (English); ginnemu (Japanese) Kratin thai

R

rosmarinic acid derivatives
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ocimum tenuiflorum Lamiaceae Holy basil, sacred basil (English); kamimeboki (Japanese) Kaprao
rutin
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cucurbita moschata Cucurbitaceae Pumpkin (English); kabocha (Japanese) Fak-thong

S

salvianolic acids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ocimum tenuiflorum Lamiaceae Holy basil, sacred basil (English); kamimeboki (Japanese) Kaprao
saponins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Acacia concinna Fabaceae Nemukazura (Japanese) Sompoi
Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese) Namtao
secolignans
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Peperomia pellucida Piperaceae Peperomia (English); usuba sunakosho (Japanese) Phak krasang
steroidal alkaloid
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Solanum melongena Solanaceae Makeua yaw
steroidal glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Solanum torvum Solanaceae Makheua puang
Solanum violaceum Solanaceae Mawaeng-ton
steroids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Sauropus androgynus Phyllanthaceae Amameshiba (Japanese) Phak wan baan
Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Jackfruit (English); paramitsu (Japanese) Khanoon on
sterols
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese) Namtao
stigmasterol
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Diplazium esculentum Athyriaceae Paco (English); kuware sida (Japanese) Phak kuut khaao

T

tannins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Chebulic myrobalan, myrobalan wood (English); mirobaran (Japanese) Sam-o thai
tengechlorenine
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ficus fistulosa Moraceae Akameinubiwa (Japanese) Ching
tengerensine
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Ficus fistulosa Moraceae Akameinubiwa (Japanese) Ching
terpenoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Parkia speciosa Fabaceae Patai (English); nejire fusamame (Japanese) Sator
Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae Spider flower (English); fu-choso (Japanese) Phak sian
Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae Bottle gourd (English); yugao (Japanese) Namtao
Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Coriander, Chinese parsley (English); pakuchi, korianda (Japanese) Phakchi
tetrahydrofuran lignans
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Peperomia pellucida Piperaceae Peperomia (English); usuba sunakosho (Japanese) Phak krasang
tetrahydrophenanthrene
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Aerial yam, potato yam (English); niga kashyu (Japanese) Man mo
toxyloxanthone B
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cratoxylum formosum Guttiferae Tiew
triterpene glycosides
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Wild bitter gourd (English); nigauri (Japanese) Mara ki nok
triterpene saponins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Symplocos cochinchinensis Symplocaceae Aobanoki (Japanese) Meut miang
triterpenes
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Centella asiatica Apiaceae Asiatic pennywort (English); tsubokusa (Japanese) Bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen, phak nok
triterpenoidal saponins
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Momordica cochinchinensis Cucurbitaceae Giant spine gourd (English); nanban kikarasuuri (Japanese) Fak khao
triterpenoids
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem tree (English); indosendan (Japanese) Sadao
Benincasa hispida Cucurbitaceae Wax gourd (English); togan (Japanese) Fak, fang

V

vismione D
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Cratoxylum formosum Guttiferae Tiew
vitamin A
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Centella asiatica Apiaceae Asiatic pennywort (English); tsubokusa (Japanese) Bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen, phak nok

X

xanthones
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Garcinia cowa Clusiaceae Kowa ganboji (Japanese) Chamuang

Z

zerumin A
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Curcuma mangga Zingiberaceae Mango ginger (English) Khamin-khao
zoapatanolide A
Scientific name Family name Common name Local name
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cashewnut tree (English);Kashu nattonoki (Japanese) Mamuang himmaphaan