Information Analysis
Search Information Analysis
191. The Least Developed Countries Report 2020
In December 2020, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published "The Least Developed Countries Report 2020". According to the report, the GDP per capita of least developed countries (LDCs) is projected to contract by 2.6% in 2020 and to experience their worst economic performance in the last 30 years. It is also predicted that the poverty rate will rise from 32.5% to 35.7% due to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19.
190. Lancet Health and Climate Change Countdown 2020 Report
In December 2020, The Lancet magazine published the Lancet Health and Climate Change Countdown 2020 report, which provided the latest data on the impact of climate change on health.
189. JIRCAS 50th Anniversary International Symposium 2020 Video Released
The JIRCAS 50th Anniversary International Symposium “The role of international collaboration in agricultural research to address challenges in the post-COVID-19 global food system” video has been released online.
188. World Soil Day
Tomorrow December 5th is World Soil Day 2020. This year’s campaign “Keep soil alive, Protect soil diversity” focuses on raising awareness about the importance of maintaining healthy ecosystems and human well-being by addressing the challenges in soil management, fighting soil biodiversity loss, increasing soil awareness, and encouraging governments, organizations, communities and individuals to improve soil health.
187. Uneven Impact of Climate Change – The Human-environment Interactions and Vegetation-rainfall Sensitivity in Tropical Drylands
A paper published in Nature Sustainability analyzed the vegetation trends across the planet’s driest areas using satellite imagery and found that vegetation regeneration is not commensurate with precipitation in developing countries in Asia and Africa. To avoid the negative impacts, it is important to take immediate mitigation measures through an understanding of the relationship between vegetation-rainfall sensitivity and associated drivers in tropical drylands.
186. Climate Crisis Highlights the Need for a Multi-scale, Multi-disciplinary and Multinational Approach
The editorial article in the November 2020 issue of Nature Climate Change stated that although the field of ecology deals with studies on the impact of humans on the natural world, the ongoing climate crisis brings a new sense of urgency as it affects all organisms ranging from microbes to megafauna. The article also pointed out the need to take a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and multinational approach in tackling the climate crisis.
185. Proper Water Governance in Agriculture
Many farmers in developing countries that rely on rainfed agriculture are facing an increasing uncertainty of agricultural production due to the impact of climate change. Even in irrigated agriculture, proper management of water resources is also necessary. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) published the State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA 2020) addressing the importance of proper governance for agricultural water resource management to ensure global food security and nutrition, and to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
184. Carbon Dioxide Levels Continue to Rise Despite COVID-19 Lockdown
On November 23, 2020, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced that despite the industrial slowdown and movement restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, greenhouse gas emission continue at record levels, increasing temperatures, and driving more extreme weather, ice melt, sea-level rise, and ocean acidification.
183. Climate Change can Change the Risk of Infectious Diseases
Agriculture is the largest contributor to land-use change which tends to increase the incidence of zoonotic diseases by increasing contact opportunities for wildlife, livestock and humans. On the other hand, is there any relationship between global warming itself and the outbreak of infectious diseases? A paper published in Science conducted a global meta-analysis of the thermal mismatch hypothesis about host-pathogen relationships. The resulting model showed that fungal disease risk increased in warm climates whereas the frequency of bacterial disease increased under warm abnormalities in cool climates.
182. COVID-19 Impact
In mid to late November 2020, several vaccines being developed against COVID-19 have been reported to be 90% effective and in the final stage of clinical trials. However, even if vaccines become widespread, the effects of the pandemic economic crisis will be prolonged and the poor are likely to suffer the most serious damage. On November 19, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) released the report “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trade and Development: Transitioning to a New Normal”, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the economic crisis on world trade, investment, production, employment, and individual livelihoods.
181. Milestone for Achieving Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
In the 2015 Paris Agreement, countries around the world agreed to limit global warming to below 2°C and ideally, to well below 1.5°C. In November 2020, the World Resources Institute published a report summarizing the milestones of climate action to be achieved between 2030 and 2050. In the agricultural sector, it is necessary to pay attention to the difference in achievement between developed and developing countries, and to take different measures such as improving yields in developing countries and reducing consumption of animal-based foods in developed countries.
180. Race to Zero ー Toward the Realization of a Carbon-Free Society
Realizing a carbon-neutral or carbon-free society to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change is an international issue and the Race to Zero towards achieving net zero carbon emissions has become a global campaign that involves businesses, universities, cities, regions, and investors. In November 2020, the Climate Action Pathways Report was published, outlining action plans for the eight thematic areas (energy, human settlements, industry, land use, oceans and coastal zones, transport, water and resilience) to fully implement the Paris Agreement.
179. Rising hunger
In November 2020, the United Nations reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on global food security and that hunger was rising again.
178. Impact of national institutions and policies on the trade-off between crop yields and nitrogen pollution
A paper published in Nature Food in November 2020 provided an analysis of the influence of national institutions and policies on farmers' decision-making regarding crop cultivation and technology adoption to address the trade-off between improving yields with nitrogen fertilizers and minimizing environmental impact, and made recommendations on how national governments can reduce global nitrogen pollution without having to sacrifice much agricultural production.
177. 2020 Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals
Only 10 years are left to reach the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, but the progress achieved so far in poverty reduction may be reversed due to the coronavirus pandemic. On November 16, 2020, the World Bank published the 2020 Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals to expand understanding of each of 17 goals using interactive storytelling and innovative data visualizations.
176. January-October 2020 Records the Second Warmest Temperature Ever
In November 2020, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that the October 2020 global land and ocean surface temperature was the fourth highest for October since global records began in 1880, and the year 2020 is expected to rank among the three warmest years on record.
175. Recent Trends in Food Import Bills and Export Earnings
In November 2020, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) published the “Food Outlook – Biannual Report on Global Food Markets”. The report includes a special feature entitled “Recent trends in food import bills and export earnings: the COVID-19 challenge” by FAO's Dr. Josef Schmidhuber who gave a keynote lecture on the impact of COVID-19 on the global food system at the JIRCAS 50th Anniversary Symposium held on November 10, 2020.
174. JIRCAS 50th Anniversary International Symposium 2020 Report
On November 10, 2020, the JIRCAS 50th Anniversary International Symposium 2020 was held online, featuring the theme, "The role of international collaboration in agricultural research to address challenges in the post-COVID-19 global food system".
173. Climate Change and Global Land Use Could Significantly Reduce Species Habitat by 2100
Understanding how the habitats of global species have changed in the past and how they will be affected by future climate change and land-use change scenarios due to agriculture and urbanization is necessary in developing effective conservation strategies. A paper published in Nature Communication shows that many species have lost their natural habitat areas due to long-term increase of land-use in tropical biodiversity hotspots.
172. JIRCAS 50th Anniversary Symposium was Successfully Held Online
The JIRCAS International Symposium 2020, commemorating its 50th anniversary was successfully held on November 10th (Tuesday) in a webinar format. In addition to congratulatory messages from JIRCAS longtime partners and counterparts, there were three keynote speeches and a panel discussion session on the modus-operandi of international cooperation in the post-COVID-19 era.