Symposium on Global Climate Change
IMPERATIVES FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN ASIA-PACIFIC
Date: October 21-22, 2008
Venue: Tsukuba International Congress Center, Epochal
The Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released in 2007, has revealed that increases in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have resulted in warming of the climate system by 0.74°C between 1906 and 2005. It has further projected that temperature increase by the end of this century is likely to be in the range 2 to 4.5°C. It is expected that future tropical cyclones will become more intense, with larger peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation. Himalayan glaciers and snow cover are projected to contract. It is also very likely that hot extremes, heat waves, and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent. Increases in the amount of precipitation are expected more in high latitudes, while decreases are likely in most subtropical regions. At the same time, the projected sea level rise by the end of this century is likely to be between 0.18 to 0.59 meters.
Such global climatic changes are affecting agriculture through their direct and indirect effects on crops, soils, livestock and pests, and hence the global food security. The IPCC Report has particularly indicated vulnerability of developing countries in the Asian region, especially its megadeltas to increasing climate change and variability due to its large population, predominance of agriculture, large climatic variability and limited resources to adapt. There are likely to be negative effects on livestock productivity due to increased heat stress, lower pasture productivity and increased risks of animal diseases. Increasing sea surface temperature and acidification are projected to lead to changes in marine species distribution and production.
Extreme events including floods, droughts, forest fires, and tropical cyclones have already increased in temperate and tropical Asia in the last few decades. Runoffs and water availability are projected to decrease in the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia. Sea level rise and an increase in the intensity of tropical cyclones are expected to displace tens of millions of people in the low-lying coastal areas of Asia; whereas increased intensity of rainfall would increase flood risks in temperate and tropical Asia.
Asia is the home of more than one half of the world population. The rapid and continuing increase in population and economy implies increased demand for food. It is estimated that by 2020, food grain requirement in Asia would be almost 30-50% more than the current demand. This will have to be produced from same or even shrinking land resource due to increasing competition for land and other resources by non-agricultural sectors. Accordingly, the world food situation will be strongly dominated by the changes that would occur in Asia because of its huge population, changes in diet pattern and associated increased demand for food and feed.
Agriculture, consisting of cropland, pasture, and livestock production, contribute 13% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This does not include indirect sources relating to agricultural inputs such as fertilizer and food processing industries. The agricultural sector therefore provides, in principle, a significant potential for greenhouse gas mitigation.
Alleviating poverty and attaining food security would be the major challenges of most countries in the Asia-Pacific region in the 21st century. Producing enough food with reduced resources in an adverse environmental scenario would be a major challenging task before most of the Asian nations. Concerted efforts would be needed to maximize food production, minimize environmental degradation and attain socio-economic development through reorientation of agricultural research that would comprehensively address all urgent concerns, including adaptation to and mitigation of climatic change.
It is against this background that adaptation to and mitigation of climatic change was identified as an important subject by the members of APAARI during an earlier Expert Consultation on Research Need Assessment organized in late 2006. The issues of climate change and food crisis were also the main themes at the G8 Summit hosted by Japan in July, 2008. Accordingly, APAARI and JIRCAS have jointly decided to organize a Symposium to develop the required framework for reorientation of agricultural research to address issues specifically related to climate change adaptation and mitigation in crops, livestock, fisheries and agro-forestry. The symposium will have technical and plenary sessions and panel discussions to debate the key issues and to develop appropriate recommendations for research to enhance the adaptive capacity and mitigation potential of agriculture in the Asia-Pacific region, while ensuring continued agricultural growth and development. This meeting will be held in the International Congress Center, Tsukuba, Japan on October 21-22, 2008 and is being co-sponsored by GFAR, CIMMYT, ICARDA, ICRISAT, and AVRDC. The specific objectives of this meeting are:
- To review the current state of understanding of climate change and to assess its impacts on agriculture in the Asia-Pacific region.
- To understand and analyze the available scientific, technological and policy options in the region for adaptation and mitigation to climatic change and their possible implications in agriculture.
- To identify short-, medium-, and long-term research priorities that would ensure enhanced adaptation and mitigation in agriculture
The symposium is expected to result in enhanced capacity of the Asia-Pacific region in understanding vulnerability, adaptation and mitigation strategies in agriculture and to foster regional cooperation. Recommendations from the Symposium will be published by the organizers and widely circulated to all stakeholders.
Program
INAUGURAL SESSION
Chair: Raghunath D. Ghodake (Chairman, APAARI)
Co-Chair: Kenji Iiyama (President, JIRCAS)
Rapporteur: Mohammad A. Kamali Sarvestani (AREEO, Iran)
Welcome Statements: Chairman, APAARI and President, JIRCAS
Brief Statements: GFAR, Science Council of CGIAR, CIMMYT, ICARDA, ICRISAT, AVRDC
Keynote Lecture
- Implications of Climate Change for Agriculture, Food Supply and Risk of Hunger
Martin Parry (Imperial College London, UK)
Lead Paper
- Adaptation Opportunities to Global Climate Change in Agriculture in Asia-Pacific
Takeshi Horie (NARO, Japan) - Mitigation Potential and Opportunities in Asia-Pacific
Rattan Lal (Ohio State Univ., USA) - Tools and Techniques for Adaptation and Mitigation Research
Tim Wheeler (Univ. Reading, UK)
TECHNICAL SESSION I: Research Strategies at National Level: Selected Country Reports
Chair: Abd. Shukor bin Abd. Rahman (MARDI)
Co-Chair: Rohan Rajapakse (CARP, Sri Lanka)
Rapporteur: Raul Q. Montemayor (IFAP, Philippines)
- Australia Research Strategies: Agriculture and Climate Change
John P. Sims (BRS, Australia) - Implications of Global Climate Change for Indian Agriculture
Pramod K. Aggarwal (IARI, India) - Pakistan: Research on Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies
Muhammad E. Tusneem (PARC, Pakistan) - Reseach Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change in Agriculture Sector of Japan
Kazuyuki Yagi1), Yasuhito Shirato1), Toshihiro Hasegawa1), Toshihiko Sugiura2) and Toshiaki Imagawa1) (1: NIAES, Japan and 2: NIFTS, Japan) - Sustaining the Productivity and Competitiveness of the Agriculture, Forestry & Natural Resources Sector Amidst Global Climate Change: R&D Strategies of the Philippines
Patricio S. Faylon and Anthony C. T. M. Foronda (PCARRD, Philippines) - A Multidisciplinary Research Strategy to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production in Png
John S. Bailey and Raghunath D. Ghodake (NARI, Papua New Guinea)
TECHNICAL SESSION II: Research Strategies at International Level
Chair: Thierry Mennesson (AINC, New Caledonia)
Co-Chair: Simon Hearn (ACIAR, Australia)
Rapporteur: Anil K. Bawa, (ICAR, India)
- A Strategic Look to the Future for Vegetable Research: The World Vegetable Center and Its Partners
John D. H. Keatinge, Dolores Ledesma, Jacqueline d’A. Hughes and Robert de la Peña (AVRDC) (PDF 1MB) - Climate Change and CIMMYT
Rodomiro Ortiz (CIMMYT) - Climate Change and Challenges in the Dry Areas
Mahmoud Solh and Maarten van Ginkel (ICARDA) - Coping with climate change in the Semi-Arid Tropics
C.L.Laxmipathi Gowda, William D. Dar and A. Ashok Kumar (ICRISAT) - Rice Production and Global Climate Change: Previous and Ongoing Research of the International Rice Research Institute
Reiner Wassmann and Achim Dobermann (IRRI) - Water and Climate Change Adaptation: The Key to Increasing Agricultural Productivity and Poverty Alleviation
Andrew D. Noble (IWMI) - Agroforestry and Climate Change: ICRAF’S Research Strategy
Andreas Wilkes (ICRAF) - Challenge Program on Climate Change
Kenneth S. Fischer (Science Council, CGIAR)
TECHNICAL SESSION III: Panel Discussion on Adaptation and Mitigation Options
Chair: M. Harun-ur-Rashid (BARC, Bangladesh)
Co-Chair: John D. H. Keatinge (AVRDC)
Rapporteur: Andrew D. Noble (IWMI)
- Crops
Masa Iwanaga (NARO, Japan) - Paddy
Reiner Wassmann (IRRI) - Soils and Fertilizer Management for Carbon Sequestration
Rattan Lal (Ohio State Univ., USA) - System-wide Adaptations to the Changes in Climate
Kazuhiko Kobayashi (Univ. Tokyo, Japan) - Research Priorities for Policies and Social Sciences in the Asia and Pacific
Osamu Koyama (JIRCAS, Japan) - The Global Furum: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agricultue Today
Mark Holderness (GFAR)
PLENARY SESSION: Conference Recommendations and Action Plan
Chair: Rajendra S. Pagoda (APAARI)
Co-Chair: Mark Holderness (GFAR)
Rapporteur: C.L.Laxmipathi Gowda (ICRISAT)
CAREER PROFILES
SYMPOSIUM PICTURES
刊行年月日 | |
---|---|
作成者 | Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences |
公開者 | Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences |
オンライン掲載日 | |
国立情報学研究所メタデータ主題語彙集(資源タイプ) | Conference Paper |
巻 | 2008 |
言語 | eng |