This paper reveals the industrial structure of Cambodia, based on some results from input-output analysis, and discusses the role of the agriculture and fishery sectors for its pro-poor growth. As a preparation for the analysis, we estimated an input-output table of Cambodia. An input-output analysis shows the following results. In Cambodia's economy, the garment industry plays an important role, realizing 14% of GDP and 500% of self-sufficiency. However, it induces smaller domestic income than the former Thailand fiber industry. This means that, compared with Thailand, it is difficult for Cambodia to actualize high savings and to secure funds for domestic investment. The agriculture, fishery, and food industry sectors have a tendency to induce both wide and high distribution of domestic income. These sectors have high potential to realize pro-poor growth in Cambodia.