We investigated the current situation and issues associated with the use of woody biomass in countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), as part of a project entitled “Feasibility Studies on Biomass in ASEAN Countries.” The main materials used in sawmills or other wood industries are different in each country because some countries depend on natural forests, whereas others depend on artificial forests. However, in general, almost all woody biomass in ASEAN countries is used as fuel or as low-quality raw materials. These uses are essential for the present social infrastructure. However, in the future, it will be necessary to seek more efficient means to convert energy and to use materials such as unused logging residues or oil palm residues.