The project will clarify the current situation and the future perspectives of the environmental impacts according to the change in the type of agricultural production in upland farming areas of northern China. Basic technologies that will be the core of a recycling-based agricultural production system of organic matter application technologies in intensive cereal farming areas, and high-value-added cropping technologies in the disadvantaged agricultural livestock regions. Moreover, the supporting policy system for standard conformity assessment will be discussed thoroughly, and measures/schemes for the expansion of a recycling-based agricultural production system will be presented.