Irrigated and rainfed lowland rice occupies about 76% of 8.2 millions hectares of the land area devoted to rice production in Indonesia. A rice production increase program has been implemented in irrigated and rainfed lowland areas by using early-maturing high-yielding varieties and improved cultural management since 1969. Increasing grain yield per unit land area and cropping intensity are two major efforts to step up rice production. In fully irrigated areas rice can be grown twice a year in the dry and wet season using ordinary transplanting methods. In rainfed lowland and in partially irrigated areas rice double cropping can be accomplished by either dry seeding of rice, called "gogo rancah rice", followed by ordinary transplanting of rice, or lowland rice followed by a second crop of rice grown without land preparation called "walik jerami rice". The "gogo rancah" method promotes early planting while the "walik jerami" method reduces the interval between two rice crops.