To identify suitable cultural methods for seedlings of Acacia mangium Willd., the most important tree species for reforestation in the humid tropics of Southeast Asia, we studied the survival, growth, biomass, and yield of plantations of bare-root and container seedlings. The study was conducted at the Forest Research Centre Sabah in Malaysian Borneo for 14 years after planting. Survival rates did not differ significantly between seedling types. Individual height growth and stem weight increment were slightly larger for container seedlings for at least the first year after planting, but thereafter there was no significant difference in growth between the two types of seedlings. Biomass did not differ significantly between seedling types over the 14-y study period. As well, yield (estimated from the number of stems potentially usable as timber) did not differ significantly between seedling types over 7- and 14-y rotation periods. Bare-root seedlings have lower production costs than container seedlings and are easier to transport in large numbers. These advantages would make bare-root seedlings an important alternative to container seedlings, which are commonly used for the production of A. mangium in large-scale reforestation programs, at least as far as our research site is concerned.