In the past 10 years, Japanese scientists have played a leading role in research for development in Africa Rice Center for pre-breeding, breeding, agronomy and post-harvest research which cover the biophysical aspects of the whole rice value-chain. This paper summarizes the related achievements of the center in situation and scenario analyses, varietal development, decision support tools, good agricultural practices and component technologies, land expansion for rice in lowland and improvement of water management, and post-harvest technologies. Although rice production of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been increased, the situation of rice self-sufficiency in SSA has been getting worth due to faster increase of consumption than that of production. More efforts exploiting the new opportunity of One CGIAR and partnerships with governments, advanced institutes, national agricultural research systems and private sector should be made.