Investigations were carried out on the exploration and collection of small millet genetic resources in the Indian Subcontinent in 1985, 1987 and 1989. The major objectives of the present research were (1) observation and collection of small millet species such as Echinochloa frumentancea, Eleusine coracana, Panicum miliaceum, P. sumatrense, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Setaria italica and other minor millet species (2) analysis of the millet-weed complex through field observation and collection of weed species associated with millet cultivation, and (3) studies on the traditional utilization and food technology of millet species. The present paper summarizes some of those results from research in the three states of India, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, in 1985, in the Maharashtra and Orissa states of India, and northern Pakistan in 1987, and in the Bihar and Madhya Pradesh states of India, and northern Pakistan in 1989.