IDENTIFICATION OF VIRUSES FROM PEANUT IN INDIA

Country
India
Technical bulletin of the Tropical Agriculture Research Center
ISSN 03889394
NII recode ID (NCID) AA00857848
Full text
Field surveys were conducted during the period 1977-1979 in the major peanut growing areas of India. Subsequently, six naturally occurring viruses on peanut were identified on the basis of symptomatology, host range, transmission, serological affinities, electron microscopy and a few other properties.
Bud necrosis disease of peanut was shown to be caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Thirty species in 7 plant families were susceptible to the virus. The virus was transmitted by thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). The haemagglutination test was adopted to detect the virus in crude extracts of peanut. Sap from infected plants contained spherical membrane bound -particles 70-90 nm in diameter. The prevalence of TSWV in India and high incidence in peanut indicated that the virus is economically important.
A disease characterized by severely stunted plants with small dark green leaves was found in peanut, and it occurred in patches in the field. Seeds sown in soil collected from infected fields produced plants with typical disease symptoms. The disease was shown to be caused by a rod-shaped virus 24 nm in diameter with predominant particle lengths of 249 and 184 nm. The virus, named Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV), resembled peanut clump virus (PCV) reported from West Africa in symptomatology on peanut, particle morphology and soil-borne nature. However, it is not serologically related to the West African PCV isolate.
A virus causing mottle and interveinal depression of the peanut leaves was isolated. Sixteen species in 3 plant families were found to be susceptible to the virus. The virus was transmitted by 3 species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner and through seed of peanut. Purified virus preparations contained flexuous elongated rods about 750 nm in length. Thin sections of infected leaves showed cylindrical inclusions in the cytoplasm. The virus was serologically related to 2 isolates of peanut mottle virus (PMV) from U.S. The virus was identified as PMV on the basis of symptomatology, serological affinities and some other properties.
A disease characterized by mosaic on peanut leaves was observed. The causal virus was mechanically transmissible to 14 species in 5 plant families. It was transmitted by 2 species of aphid in a nonpersistent manner, but not through peanut seeds. The virus particles consisted of flexuous rods about 750 nm in length. Thin sections of infected peanut leaves showed cylindrical inclusions in the cytoplasm. No serological relationship was detected between this virus and 5 other potyviruses including PMV. The virus was identified as a new potyvirus, named peanut green mosaic virus.
Peanut plants showing stunting with necrosis of the leaves were observed, and a virus was isolated from the diseased plants. Twelve species in 3 plant families were found to be susceptible to the virus, and the virus was not transmitted by aphids and through peanut seeds. The virus particles consisted of slightly flexuous rods about 610 nm in length. The virus was serologically related to cowpea mild mottle virus (CMMV) obtained from West Africa, and it was identified as a strain of CMMV.
A virus was isolated from diseased peanut plants showing severe stunting with chlorotic streaks on the leaves. The virus infected 32 species in 8 families. The virus particles were isometric and measured 45-50 nm in diameter. In thin sections, infected leaves contained spherical intracellular inclusions, with many virus-like particles embedded in a dense matrix. The virus particles and intracellular inclusions were similar to those induced by caulimoviruses. The virus seems to be a newly recognized one and the name of peanut chlorotic leaf streak virus was proposed.
Date of issued
Creator Norio IIZUKA D.V.R. REDDY
Publisher Tropical Agriculture Research Center
Volume 21
spage 164
epage 183
Language eng

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