As the security of agricultural products has become a serious issue faced by people worldwide in recent decades, measures for an effective supervision system for agricultural product quality and safety are continuously being developed. In such a system, the assessment of agricultural product authenticity and geographical origin traceability could play a very important role. Recently, researchers have been focusing on some successful techniques, including the stable isotopic technique, compositional analysis technique, spectroscopic technique, and sensor technology. The benefits from advances made in spectroscopy and imaging technology have facilitated the development of imaging spectrometry techniques that offer such advantages as being nondestructive, rapid, and requiring minimal to no sample preparation. This paper discusses several nondestructive technologies used for the assessment of agricultural product authenticity and geographical origin traceability, with a special focus on the nondestructive technology of imaging using an electromagnetic spectrum for agricultural product safety and quality. It specifically discusses the technology of ultraviolet imaging, hyperspectral imaging, fluorescence spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and terahertz spectroscopy according to different wavelengths and frequency of this electromagnetic spectrum. Although the application of nondestructive measurements performed using the electromagnetic spectrum for identifying agricultural product authenticity and geographical origin traceability is increasing along with advanced technology and lower equipment costs, the accuracy of such measurements must still be improved and the advantages in practical applications need to be determined.