We have implemented research programs to demonstrate a biomass refinery system for suburban agricultural and livestock industrial areas. We developed a model targeting the Yamada area in Katori City, Chiba Prefecture. The main feedstock biomasses were cow wastes, food processing residues, woody biomass and non-edible portions of farming crops. Elemental technologies such as methane fermentation, gas refining, co-generation, carbonization, concentration of digested liquid, steam explosion, and composting were combined to efficiently produce useful materials and energy, and to minimize both the input of fossil energy to operate elements of plants/units/equipment and the negative impacts of biomass use on the environment. We succeeded in systematic operation of the plants. The biogas produced was refined to methane gas with a concentration greater than 98%. More than 90% of the methane gas from the biogas was collected. It was used as fuel sources for carbonization, co-generation and vehicles to transport biomass. The produced digested liquid was widely used. Systemization of biomass production, collection, transportation, storage, conversion, and use of the converted biomass-derived materials/energy is essential. Achievements of the study provide a pioneering model for local governments all over Japan and other Asian countries to construct biomass towns employing local creativity and ingenuity.