Major pests of maize in Japan include armyworm, oriental corn borer, wireworm, aphid, pink borer, black cutworm, seedcorn maggot, and several species of birds. Among these pests, the first four species and some birds are economically the most important pests. An overall review on the ecological aspects and their control measures indicates that the most promising measure for controlling those pests is an adoption of cultural control methods including use of resistant varieties. The major pests, however, have to be controlled effectively by pesticides in advance to their severe infestations. Further research is needed to develop adequate combinations of cultural and chemicl control measures for effective and low cost management of maize pests.