Worldwide, fish is an important source of protein for all income groups, and in recent years, fish and fish products such as fish oils have also been promoted as health foods. Fishing is also an important source of income and livelihood to about one million people in developing countries. Food security of these people and their dependant families and communities may be threatened when fish stocks collapse from overfishing, coupled with problems of pollution and habitat degradation. Fishing grounds all over the world are exploited to and beyond their limits, and the only growth sectors in fisheries production are sustainable forms of aquaculture and stock enhancement. This paper presents some possible solutions to overcome the crisis of a depleting fish supply, and will discuss how the right kind of strategy, supported by critical research, could help to sustain the landings from capture fisheries and push for a net increase of fish production from the culture sector. The paper will argue that the research will need to address not just new technology solutions but also social and economic dimensions of the challenges facing fisheries. The focus will be on developing countries where the majority of the world's fish is now produced and where dependence on fisheries and aquaculture are greatest.