Soybean is an important crop which is a source of food with protein and oil content, animal feed, and biofuels. Although Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, yields have been severely unstable in the recent years as a result of frequent droughts. We implemented a Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) project titled “Development of genetic engineering technology of crops with stress tolerance against degradation of global environment” in cooperation with Japan and Brazil. The aim of this project was to establish a technology to develop genetically modified (GM) soybean lines with increased tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought, in Brazil. We searched for soybean genes that exhibited properties similar to those associated with drought response and tolerance in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We also comprehensively analyzed the gene expression in soybean under stress conditions. We generated the best combination of genes that are likely to enhance drought tolerance and promoters that regulate such gene expression and introduced the resulting constructs into soybean via transformation. GM soybean lines were generated and evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions to identify drought-resistant lines in Brazil. The developed technology and the generated GM soybean lines are expected to help stabilize or increase soybean production in Brazil.