Rice production in the Mekong Delta has increased rapidly in recent years under Doi Moi policy. Farming Systems which combine agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries have also been promoted. Through the cooperative research project with Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute (CLRRI), Cantho University (CTU) and Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), research work is being carried out. Some approaches such as development of a method of diagnosis by leaf color measurement for the control of rice growth and yield components of rice, fertilizer application methods including nitrogen top dressing at the booting stage aiming at improving the nitrogen recovery rate and stabilizing yield, phosphate fertilizer application in the wet season, or water management in fields for the prevention of lodging in direct-seeded rice, should contribute to the development of low input sustainable rice production within the Mekong Delta Farming Systems.