Based on provincial level information on grain production in China for nearly 40 years, an analysis was performed on the dynamics of the temporal and spatial changes in grain production in China. Model analysis was also performed on the basis of information on air temperature and rainfall and climatic production collected at 340 meteorological stations for nearly 40 years. Results reveal that grain production has tended to increase in the past 40 years in China, while its increase was significant in the northern part of China and slow in the southern part of China. It was also observed that there was a strong positive correlation between grain production and rainfall/air temperature, which implies that future climatic changes of the globe will help the northern part of China to develop into a major grain production area.