Sri Lanka, though a small island, exhibits a mosaic of ecological diversity which is reflected in a rich floristic diversity and high endemism. This wide spectrum of species diversity is associated with an even greater intraspecific genetic diversity. The per unit area biodiversity expressed in Sri Lanka is higher than that of other countries in the South Asian region and for some crops, the country qualifies as a secondary center of ecogenetic diversity.
The Plant Genetic Resource Centre established in 1989 with financial and technical support from the Government of Japan is carrying out a systematic programme in genetic resources management and research. A total of nearly 10,000 accessions representing 137 species, including wild relatives of crops, have been assembled and their distribution mapped. Genetic resources management includes ex situ conservation approaches-seed genebank, in vitro genebank, field genebank networks-complemented by in situ conservation for wild relatives using the existing Strict Nature Reserves. Nearly 30% of the assembled germplasm has been characterized and is being evaluated for desirable traits. Computerized data management system facilitates germplasm use. Biotechnology approaches are being applied for the conservation of genetic resources but mainly for improving germplasm to help breeders use the assembled germplasm efferctively.