From an agro-political viewpoint, the development process of Vietnamese agriculture after 1976 can be divided into four major stages. (1) The 1976-1980 period was characterized by the rapid dissemination of agricultural collectives and their dismantling in the southern part of Vietnam. (2) The 1981-1988 period corresponded to the transitional stage of remaining agricultural collectives from a bureaucratic system to a farmers' self-determining system under the "contract 100" system. (3) In the 1989-1992 period, the bureaucratic mechanism was abandoned and peasant households were recognized as completely self-determining production units under the "doi moi" policy. (4) After 1993, Resolution Number 5 promulgated by the Communist Party pursued the renovation process. The land law reform assured long-term land users' rights. Elements of rural development policy were improved. However, organization by the farmers' own effort is an important subject for which problems such as rural credit system and extension system should be addressed.